By Lily Anderson
Black garlic, a culinary gem derived from the fermentation of raw garlic under controlled high-temperature, high-humidity conditions for several weeks, is not only distinguished by its dark color but also by its unique flavor and texture. Its emergence as a health-conscious alternative to raw garlic has sparked interest due to the potential health benefits it offers. In this article, we delve into six remarkable health advantages that black garlic may bring to your well-being.
1. Abundance of Antioxidants
One of the standout features of black garlic is its significantly elevated antioxidant content compared to its raw counterpart. This transformation occurs during the fermentation process when allicin, the compound responsible for raw garlic’s pungent aroma, converts into potent antioxidants such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Antioxidants play a crucial role in safeguarding your cells from oxidative harm, which can lead to various diseases. Numerous plant foods, including garlic, are rich sources of these protective compounds. A 2014 study revealed that black garlic reaches its peak antioxidant content at around 21 days of fermentation, underscoring its potential health-promoting effects.
2. Blood Sugar Regulation
Controlling blood sugar levels is essential for individuals with diabetes to mitigate the risk of complications. Research has shown that black garlic may offer promising support in this regard. In a study involving rats fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet, black garlic extract led to metabolic improvements, including reduced cholesterol levels, inflammation, and enhanced appetite regulation.
Additionally, a study with diabetic rats demonstrated that the antioxidant properties of black garlic could protect against complications associated with high blood sugar. Another study on rats consuming a high-fat diet showed lower glucose and insulin levels in those that included black garlic in their diet. Notably, one study involving pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes suggested that black garlic fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus might prevent the development of this condition. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to confirm their applicability to humans.
3. Heart Health
Black garlic has shown potential in reducing risk factors associated with heart disease. Studies have revealed that it can lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, and triglycerides, while potentially increasing HDL (good) cholesterol. In one study, both raw and black garlic were found to improve circulation and protect the heart from damage in rats recovering from heart ischemia.
Another study found that black garlic extract reduced total blood fats and triglycerides in rats on a high-fat diet, indicating a reduced risk of heart disease. A human study involving individuals with elevated cholesterol levels also reported favorable results, with black garlic increasing HDL cholesterol and reducing markers associated with heart disease. Nonetheless, further comprehensive human studies are essential to confirm these potential benefits.
4. Brain Health Protection
Black garlic may hold the key to protecting brain health by reducing inflammation, which can impair memory and cognitive function over time. Inflammation in the brain, often attributed to the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein, is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Studies on rats have demonstrated that black garlic can reduce brain inflammation induced by beta-amyloid and even improve short-term memory.
Additionally, in an experiment that induced oxidative stress in rat brains, black garlic extract prevented oxidative stress from causing memory impairment. These findings hint at the potential brain-protective properties of black garlic, although further human-based research is necessary to confirm these effects.
5. Anticancer Potential
Emerging research suggests that black garlic may harbor properties conducive to combating cancer cells. In a study conducted with blood samples from 21 individuals, black garlic extract exhibited stronger immune-stimulating, antioxidant, and anticancer activities compared to raw garlic extract. Furthermore, the black garlic extract demonstrated toxicity to lung, breast, stomach, and liver cancer cells within 72 hours.
Test tube studies have also shown that black garlic can induce cell death in human colon and stomach cancer cells, as well as leukemia cells, while slowing their growth. A review of 25 studies reinforced the potential anticancer effects of aged garlic, especially against cancer. Nevertheless, extensive research involving humans is imperative to substantiate these promising findings.
6. Liver Protection
Black garlic may offer protective benefits to the liver, shielding it from damage caused by continuous exposure to chemicals, medications, alcohol, and pathogens. Rat studies have indicated that black garlic can exert protective effects, minimizing further liver damage in cases of injury. In chronic conditions such as alcohol-induced liver damage, black garlic has also demonstrated the potential to improve liver function, possibly through its antioxidant properties.
Another study in rats with liver damage reported reductions in ALT and AST, chemicals in the blood that indicate liver damage, after the consumption of aged black garlic. These findings suggest that black garlic may serve as a preventive measure for liver damage due to injury, everyday chemical exposure, or chronic alcohol consumption.
Potential Considerations
While black garlic appears to be generally safe, certain considerations are worth noting. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications should be cautious about consuming black garlic in large quantities, as it may increase the risk of bleeding. However, one study involving aged garlic extract and blood clotting among individuals taking blood thinners did not reveal any significant risks. Additionally, those with a known allergy to raw garlic should avoid black garlic. If you have concerns or specific health conditions, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating black garlic into your diet.
Incorporating Black Garlic into Your Diet
Black garlic’s mild, sweet flavor makes it a versatile addition to various dishes. You can enjoy it by:
- Enhancing stir-fries with a dash of black garlic and soy sauce.
- Infusing soups with its unique flavor.
- Blending it into cheese dips or cream cheese for a creamy, flavorful spread.
- Mixing it with mayo or hummus for a zesty twist.
- Slicing cloves thinly and adding them to salads or pasta dishes.
- Elevating pizza with black garlic as a topping.
- Creating a simple salad dressing by blending it with olive oil.
- Savoring it on its own due to its milder profile compared to raw garlic.
Conclusion
Black garlic, the product of a carefully controlled fermentation process, offers a spectrum of health benefits backed by preliminary research. Its rich antioxidant content and potential impact on blood sugar, heart health, brain protection, cancer prevention, and liver support make it a compelling addition to a health-conscious diet. While black garlic is generally safe, it is prudent to consult a healthcare professional if you have specific health concerns or are taking medications. By incorporating black garlic into your culinary repertoire, you can savor its unique flavor while potentially reaping the rewards of improved well-being.
References:
- Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31362999
- Antioxidant mechanism of black garlic extract involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 pathway – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28584577
- The Comparison of the Contents of Sugar, Amadori, and Heyns Compounds in Fresh and Black Garlic – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27300762/
- Evolution of some physicochemical and antioxidant properties of black garlic whole bulbs and peeled cloves – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26775954
- Aged (Black) versus Raw Garlic against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Complications – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29597322/
- The effects of black garlic (Allium satvium) extracts on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4317477/
- Reduction of blood lipid parameters by a 12-wk supplementation of aged black garlic: a randomized controlled trial – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24976429/
- Black Garlic Improves Heart Function in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease by Improving Circulating Antioxidant Levels – https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.01435/full
- Neuroprotective Effects of Aged Garlic Extract on Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Induced by ?-Amyloid in Rats – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28054940/
- Individual differences on immunostimulatory activity of raw and black garlic extract in human primary immune cells. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22260639/
- Aged black garlic extract inhibits HT29 colon cancer cell growth via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24649105/
- Aged black garlic extract induces inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21922142/
- Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24741395/
- Aged Garlic and Cancer: A Systematic Review – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212616/
About the author:
Lily Anderson is a passionate wordsmith and dedicated explorer of cutting-edge scientific inquiries. Fuelled by a thirst for knowledge, she skilfully transforms intricate ideas into relatable tales, inviting readers to embark on a captivating expedition of revelation. Lily’s efforts play a crucial role in bridging the gap between experts and the wider public, evoking a sense of awe and encouraging insightful discussions about groundbreaking scientific advancements.
